Structlar

struct — bu bir nechta maydonni (field) bitta nom ostida birlashtiradigan tuzilma. Bitta obyektni tasvirlash uchun bir nechta o’zgaruvchi kerak bo’lsa, ularni alohida-alohida saqlash o’rniga bitta structga yig’ib qo’yamiz.

Quyidagi misolda struct e’loni, literal, maydonga murojaat, zero value va ichma-ich (nested) struct — hammasi bir joyda:

struct.go


package main
 
import "fmt"
 
type Address struct {
    City   string
    Street string
}
 
type User struct {
    Name    string
    Age     int
    Address Address // nested struct
}
 
func main() {
    u := User{
        Name:    "Aziz",
        Age:     25,
        Address: Address{City: "Toshkent", Street: "Amir Temur 12"},
    }
 
    u.Age = 26 // maydonni o'zgartirish
    fmt.Println(u.Name, u.Age, u.Address.City)
 
    var empty User // zero value
    fmt.Printf("%+v\n", empty)
}


$ go run struct.go
Aziz 26 Toshkent
{Name: Age:0 Address:{City: Street:}}

Xulosa: maydonlarga nuqta orqali murojaat qilamiz, boshlang’ich qiymat bermasak har biri o’zining zero value’sini oladi ("", 0, false).

Agar hamma maydonlari solishtirsa bo’ladigan turlarda bo’lsa, ikki structni == bilan tenglashtirish mumkin; nomi kerak bo’lmaydigan, bir martalik struct uchun esa anonim struct ishlatamiz:

compare.go


package main
 
import "fmt"
 
type Point struct{ X, Y int }
 
func main() {
    a := Point{1, 2}
    b := Point{1, 2}
    fmt.Println(a == b) // barcha maydonlar teng
 
    tmp := struct{ Lat, Lng float64 }{41.31, 69.24} // anonim struct
    fmt.Println(tmp.Lat, tmp.Lng)
}


$ go run compare.go
true
41.31 69.24

Xulosa: ichida slice, map yoki funksiya maydoni bor struct’ni == bilan solishtirib bo’lmaydi.

Manba / batafsil: Go spec — Struct types