HTTP testlash

HTTP handler’ni testlash uchun haqiqiy port ochib, server ko’tarish shart emas. net/http/httptest paketi buni ancha osonlashtiradi. Ikkita asosiy vosita bor: server tomonini sinash uchun httptest.NewRecorder va HTTP klientni (client) sinash uchun httptest.NewServer.

Handler’ni testlash: NewRecorder + ServeHTTP

httptest.NewRecorder() javobni yozib oladigan soxta ResponseWriter qaytaradi. Handler’ni to’g’ridan-to’g’ri chaqirib, natijasini tekshiramiz — bunda tarmoq umuman ishtirok etmaydi:

handler.go


package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)
 
func GreetHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    name := r.URL.Query().Get("name")
    if name == "" {
        name = "mehmon"
    }
    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Salom, %s!", name)
}

handler_test.go


package main
 
import (
    "io"
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
    "testing"
)
 
func TestGreetHandler(t *testing.T) {
    req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/?name=Ali", nil)
    rec := httptest.NewRecorder() // javobni yozib oladi
 
    GreetHandler(rec, req) // handler'ni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri chaqiramiz
 
    res := rec.Result()
    if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
        t.Fatalf("status = %d; kutilgan 200", res.StatusCode)
    }
    body, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
    if string(body) != "Salom, Ali!" {
        t.Errorf("body = %q; kutilgan %q", body, "Salom, Ali!")
    }
}


$ go test -v -run TestGreetHandler
=== RUN   TestGreetHandler
--- PASS: TestGreetHandler (0.00s)
PASS
ok      example/httpsrv 0.004s

Xulosa: handler = NewRecorder + handler’ni bevosita chaqirish, keyin rec.Result() orqali status va body’ni tekshirasiz.

Klientni testlash: NewServer

Endi buning aksini ko’ramiz — sizning kodingiz tashqi HTTP servisga so’rov yuboradigan holat. httptest.NewServer haqiqiy, lekin vaqtinchalik va lokal server ko’taradi hamda uning URL’ini beradi. Kodingizni o’sha URL’ga yo’naltirib sinab ko’rasiz:

client_test.go


package main
 
import (
    "io"
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
    "testing"
)
 
func TestFetch(t *testing.T) {
    // Soxta server — istagan javobni qaytaradi.
    srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(
        func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
            fmt.Fprint(w, "pong")
        }))
    defer srv.Close()
 
    // Klient kodimiz srv.URL ga so'rov yuboradi.
    resp, err := http.Get(srv.URL)
    if err != nil {
        t.Fatalf("so'rov xatosi: %v", err)
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
 
    body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if string(body) != "pong" {
        t.Errorf("body = %q; kutilgan pong", body)
    }
}

Bu misolda fmt importi ham kerak bo’ladi (fmt.Fprint uchun) — test faylidagi importlar ro’yxatiga "fmt" ni qo’shib qo’ying.


$ go test -v -run TestFetch
=== RUN   TestFetch
--- PASS: TestFetch (0.00s)
PASS
ok      example/httpsrv 0.006s

srv.URL — bu real, ishlaydigan lokal manzil; test tugagach defer srv.Close() uni yopadi.

Xulosa: klient kodini sinash uchun httptest.NewServer bilan soxta server ko’taring va kodingizni srv.URL ga yo’naltiring.

Manba / batafsil: pkg.go.dev/net/http/httptest

Shu bilan testlash bo’limi yakunlandi: endi testing asoslari, table-driven testlar, benchmark, fuzzing, coverage va HTTP testlash — hammasi qo’lingizda.