time

Vaqt bilan ishlash ko’rinishidan oddiy, amalda nozik: mintaqalar, formatlar, davomiylik. Go ning eng g’ayrioddiy jihati — formatlash namunasi, uni alohida ko’ramiz.

time.Now va komponentlar

time.Now() joriy vaqtni time.Time turida qaytaradi; undan yil, oy, kunni ajratib olish mumkin. time.Date bilan aniq vaqt yasaladi.

now.go


package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)
 
func main() {
    t := time.Date(2026, time.July, 22, 14, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
    fmt.Println(t.Year(), t.Month(), t.Day())  // 2026 July 22
    fmt.Println(t.Weekday())                    // Wednesday
}


$ go run now.go
2026 July 22
Wednesday

Takeaway: time.Now() chiqishi ish vaqtiga bog’liq; sinovda time.Date bilan aniq qiymat ishlating.

Manba / batafsil: pkg.go.dev/time#Now

Duration

time.Duration — vaqt oralig’i, time.Second/Minute/Hour konstantalari bilan ifodalanadi.

duration.go


package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)
 
func main() {
    d := 90 * time.Minute
    fmt.Println(d)          // 1h30m0s
    fmt.Println(d.Hours())  // 1.5
    d2, _ := time.ParseDuration("2h45m")
    fmt.Println(d2.Minutes())  // 165
}


$ go run duration.go
1h30m0s
1.5
165

Takeaway: davomiylikni har doim konstantaga ko’paytirib yozing (3 * time.Second).

Manba / batafsil: pkg.go.dev/time#Duration

Formatlash — 2006-01-02 15:04:05 namunasi

Go da format namunasi aniq bir sana bilan beriladi: 2006-yil 1-oy 2-kun 15:04:05. Bu 1-2-3-4-5-6 ketma-ketligini beradi. Kerakli formatni shu namunani yozib hosil qilasiz.

format.go


package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)
 
func main() {
    t := time.Date(2026, time.July, 22, 14, 30, 45, 0, time.UTC)
    fmt.Println(t.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"))
    fmt.Println(t.Format("02.01.2006"))
    fmt.Println(t.Format(time.RFC3339))
}


$ go run format.go
2026-07-22 14:30:45
22.07.2026
2026-07-22T14:30:45Z

Takeaway: soat uchun 15 — 24 soatlik ko’rinish; 03 — 12 soatlik.

Manba / batafsil: pkg.go.dev/time#Time.Format

Parse

time.Parse xuddi shu namuna orqali stringdan vaqt o’qiydi: birinchi argument — format, ikkinchisi — matn.

parse.go


package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)
 
func main() {
    t, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02", "2026-07-22")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Xato:", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println(t.Format("02 Jan 2006"))  // 22 Jul 2026
}


$ go run parse.go
22 Jul 2026

Takeaway: Parse va Format bir xil namuna sistemasini teskari yo’nalishda ishlatadi.

Manba / batafsil: pkg.go.dev/time#Parse

Add, Sub

Vaqtga davomiylik qo’shish Add, ikki vaqt orasidagi farq Sub bilan (Duration qaytaradi). Taqqoslash: Before, After.

addsub.go


package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)
 
func main() {
    start := time.Date(2026, 7, 22, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
    end := time.Date(2026, 7, 22, 17, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
    fmt.Println(end.Sub(start))          // 8h30m0s
    fmt.Println(start.Add(48 * time.Hour).Format("2006-01-02"))
    fmt.Println(start.Before(end))        // true
}


$ go run addsub.go
8h30m0s
2026-07-24
true

Takeaway: Sub ayirmani Duration qilib beradi — soat/kunini oson chiqarasiz.

Manba / batafsil: pkg.go.dev/time#Time.Sub

Sleep va Ticker

time.Sleep dasturni to’xtatadi; Ticker muntazam intervalda kanalga signal yuboradi. Ticker’ni Stop bilan to’xtatishni unutmang.

ticker.go


package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)
 
func main() {
    ticker := time.NewTicker(200 * time.Millisecond)
    defer ticker.Stop()
 
    count := 0
    for range ticker.C {
        count++
        fmt.Println("Tik", count)
        if count == 3 {
            break
        }
    }
}


$ go run ticker.go
Tik 1
Tik 2
Tik 3

Takeaway: ticker.C — kanal; davriy vazifalarda Stop qilib resursni bo’shating.

Manba / batafsil: pkg.go.dev/time#NewTicker

Keyingi qismda encoding/json — JSON bilan ishlashni ko’ramiz.