net/http: Server

Go da HTTP server yozish uchun framework shart emas — standart net/http ishlab chiqarishga yaroqli. Go 1.22 dan routing sezilarli yaxshilandi.

Eng oddiy server

Server ikki narsadan iborat: handler (so’rovga javob beruvchi) va mux (so’rovni to’g’ri handler’ga yo’naltiruvchi). Handler http.ResponseWriter (javob yoziladigan joy) va *http.Request (kelgan so’rov) oladi.

server.go


package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)
 
func main() {
    mux := http.NewServeMux()
    mux.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        fmt.Fprintln(w, "Salom, gopher!")
    })
    fmt.Println("Server :8080 da")
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", mux)
}


$ go run server.go &
$ curl http://localhost:8080/
Salom, gopher!

Takeaway: mux + HandleFunc + ListenAndServe — eng minimal server.

Manba / batafsil: pkg.go.dev/net/http#ServeMux

Metod va yo’l parametrlari (Go 1.22)

Endi pattern’ga metod yozish mumkin: "GET /users/{id}". Yo’ldagi {id} — parametr; uni r.PathValue("id") bilan olamiz. Mos metod bo’lmasa mux avtomatik 405 qaytaradi.

routing.go


package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)
 
func main() {
    mux := http.NewServeMux()
    mux.HandleFunc("GET /users/{id}", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        fmt.Fprintf(w, "Foydalanuvchi ID: %s\n", r.PathValue("id"))
    })
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", mux)
}


$ go run routing.go &
$ curl http://localhost:8080/users/42
Foydalanuvchi ID: 42

Takeaway: {id} + r.PathValue("id") — tashqi router’siz REST yo’llari.

Manba / batafsil: go.dev/blog/routing-enhancements

Status kod va JSON qaytarish

w.Header().Set(...) sarlavha, w.WriteHeader(...) status kod o’rnatadi (avval sarlavha, keyin tana). ResponseWriter — io.Writer bo’lgani uchun json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(...) to’g’ridan-to’g’ri javobga JSON yozadi.

jsonapi.go


package main
 
import (
    "encoding/json"
    "net/http"
)
 
type User struct {
    ID   int    `json:"id"`
    Name string `json:"name"`
}
 
func main() {
    mux := http.NewServeMux()
    mux.HandleFunc("GET /users/{id}", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
        json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(User{ID: 2, Name: "Vali"})
    })
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", mux)
}


$ go run jsonapi.go &
$ curl http://localhost:8080/users/2
{"id":2,"name":"Vali"}

Takeaway: ishlab chiqarishda *http.Server bilan ReadTimeout/WriteTimeout ni sozlang.

Manba / batafsil: pkg.go.dev/net/http#ResponseWriter

Keyingi qismda HTTP mijozini — so’rov yuborishni ko’ramiz.